Students who major in Integrative Biology (IB) will gain a broad and deep knowledge in the biological sciences as well as an excellent foundation in the biology of organisms, populations, and communities. This program may be of particular interest to students who wish to pursue graduate studies in any of these research areas. It also provides superb training for students interested in health-related professions (medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine, physical therapy, nursing, pharmacy, optometry, etc.) or careers incorporating biology (psychology, sociobiology, forestry, wildlife conservation, environmental and resource management, law, etc.).
The department's broad range of experts includes behaviorists, ecologists, evolutionary biologists, geneticists, morphologists, paleontologists, physiologists, and systematists.
Course of Study Overview
Students majoring in Integrative Biology choose one of two emphases: Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology (Emphasis 1) or Integrative Human Biology (Emphasis 2). The lower division requirements are the same for all IB students, regardless of the emphasis. The upper division requirements differ slightly for the two emphases, but all students take lecture and lab or field lab classes from IB's three groups: Evolution and Genetics; Ecology, Behavior, and Biodiversity; Structure, Function, and Human Health. For detailed information, please see the Major Requirements tab.
Declaring the Major
In order to declare Integrative Biology as a major, students must earn a minimum grade point average (GPA) of 2.0 overall, a 2.0 GPA in the required major coursework (lower and upper division combined), and a 2.0 GPA in the upper division coursework for the major. Students meet with a staff adviser and a faculty adviser as part of the declaration process.
At the time of declaration, students must be enrolled in or have completed:
Students can declare in their first semester if enrolled in INTEGBI 77A or INTEGBI 77B. Transfer students are highly recommended to complete all lower division requirements before arriving at Berkeley. Please see the department's website for detailed instructions to declare the IB major.
Honors Program
Students with a minimum 3.3 overall GPA, a minimum 3.3 major GPA, and who are conducting biological research are encouraged to participate in the honors program. Interested students must identify an appropriate faculty sponsor who agrees to advise them on an original research project and enroll in two consecutive semesters of the honors thesis course (INTEGBI H196A and INTEGBI H196B). Honors students must present the results of their work in the form of a written honors thesis and a poster presentation. In order to graduate with honors, students must maintain the minimum required GPAs.
In addition to the university, campus, and college requirements, listed on the College Requirements tab, students must fulfill the below requirements specific to their major program.
General Guidelines
All major requirements must be taken for a letter grade.
Standardized test credit (e.g., Advanced Placement) cannot be used to satisfy any major requirements.
No more than one upper division course may be used to simultaneously fulfill requirements for a student's major and minor programs. Double majors and simultaneous degrees may overlap two upper division courses.
Students must maintain a minimum grade point average (GPA) of 2.0 overall, a 2.0 GPA in the required major coursework (lower and upper division combined), and a 2.0 GPA in the upper division coursework for the major.
A maximum of two upper division courses may be taken for major credit from outside the Department of Integrative Biology. This includes study abroad courses, as well as non-IB courses, even if they are approved electives. Visit the IB website for a list of pre-approved study abroad and elective courses.
For information regarding breadth, residence, and unit requirements, please see the College Requirements tab.
Lower Division Requirements, Both Emphases
Course List
Code
Title
Units
Math Requirement1
Select two from the following lists: A, B, and C. Only one course can count from each list.
Emphasis 1: Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology
Course List
Code
Title
Units
Additional Group Requirements
A second course from Group B: Ecology, Behavior, and Diversity
At least one of the two lab courses must be field based (e.g., LF catalog number suffix)
Emphasis 2: Integrative Human Biology
Course List
Code
Title
Units
Additional Group Requirements
A second course from Group C: Structure, Function, and Human Health. At least one must be INTEGBI 131 or INTEGBI 132.
A field lab is not required as one of the two lab courses.
Upper Division Requirement Groups
Refer to the IB website for courses that satisfy Groups A, B, and C, plus the lab/field requirements. Some classes are only offered in certain semesters, as noted on the website.
College Requirements
Undergraduate students must fulfill the following requirements in addition to those required by their major program.
For a detailed lists of L&S requirements, please see Overview tab to the right in this guide or visit the L&S Degree Requirements webpage. For College advising appointments, please visit the L&S Advising Pages.
All students who will enter the University of California as freshmen must demonstrate their command of the English language by fulfilling the Entry Level Writing requirement. Fulfillment of this requirement is also a prerequisite to enrollment in all reading and composition courses at UC Berkeley and must be taken for a letter grade.
The American History and American Institutions requirements are based on the principle that all U.S. residents who have graduated from an American university should have an understanding of the history and governmental institutions of the United States.
All undergraduate students at Cal need to take and pass this campus requirement course in order to graduate. The requirement offers an exciting intellectual environment centered on the study of race, ethnicity and culture of the United States. AC courses are plentiful and offer students opportunities to be part of research-led, highly accomplished teaching environments, grappling with the complexity of American Culture.
College of Letters & Science Essential Skills Requirements
The Quantitative Reasoning requirement is designed to ensure that students graduate with basic understanding and competency in math, statistics, or computer/data science. The requirement may be satisfied by exam or by taking an approved course taken for a letter grade.
The Foreign Language requirement may be satisfied by demonstrating proficiency in reading comprehension, writing, and conversation in a foreign language equivalent to the second semester college level, either by passing an exam or by completing approved course work taken for a letter grade.
In order to provide a solid foundation in reading, writing, and critical thinking the College of Letters and Science requires two semesters of lower division work in composition in sequence. Students must complete parts A & B reading and composition courses in sequential order by the end of their fourth semester for a letter grade.
College of Letters & Science 7 Course Breadth Requirements
The undergraduate breadth requirements provide Berkeley students with a rich and varied educational experience outside of their major program. As the foundation of a liberal arts education, breadth courses give students a view into the intellectual life of the University while introducing them to a multitude of perspectives and approaches to research and scholarship. Engaging students in new disciplines and with peers from other majors, the breadth experience strengthens interdisciplinary connections and context that prepares Berkeley graduates to understand and solve the complex issues of their day.
Unit Requirements
120 total units
Of the 120 units, 36 must be upper division units
Of the 36 upper division units, 6 must be taken in courses offered outside your major department
Residence Requirements
For units to be considered in "residence," you must be registered in courses on the Berkeley campus as a student in the College of Letters & Science. Most students automatically fulfill the residence requirement by attending classes at Cal for four years, or two years for transfer students. In general, there is no need to be concerned about this requirement, unless you graduate early, go abroad for a semester or year, or want to take courses at another institution or through UC Extension during your senior year. In these cases, you should make an appointment to meet an L&S College adviser to determine how you can meet the Senior Residence Requirement.
Note: Courses taken through UC Extension do not count toward residence.
Senior Residence Requirement
After you become a senior (with 90 semester units earned toward your B.A. degree), you must complete at least 24 of the remaining 30 units in residence in at least two semesters. To count as residence, a semester must consist of at least 6 passed units. Intercampus Visitor, EAP, and UC Berkeley-Washington Program (UCDC) units are excluded.
You may use a Berkeley Summer Session to satisfy one semester of the Senior Residence requirement, provided that you successfully complete 6 units of course work in the Summer Session and that you have been enrolled previously in the college.
Modified Senior Residence Requirement
Participants in the UC Education Abroad Program (EAP), Berkeley Summer Abroad, or the UC Berkeley Washington Program (UCDC) may meet a Modified Senior Residence requirement by completing 24 (excluding EAP) of their final 60 semester units in residence. At least 12 of these 24 units must be completed after you have completed 90 units.
Upper Division Residence Requirement
You must complete in residence a minimum of 18 units of upper division courses (excluding UCEAP units), 12 of which must satisfy the requirements for your major.
Plan of Study
The sample plans below show four-year plans for completing the major in Integrative Biology, taking classes only during fall and spring semesters. Most lower division major requirements are also offered during the summer. Peer and academic advisers are available to help customize a plan to the student's specific situation.
Please note that the sample plans below include only courses required for the major. For more detailed information regarding other requirements, including unit minimums per semester, College of Letters & Science breadth requirements, Reading and Composition (R&C), and the American Cultures (AC) requirements, please see the College Requirements tab.
It is highly recommended for transfer students to complete all lower division coursework before enrolling at Berkeley.
Junior
Fall
Units
Spring
Units
IB Group C (Lab optional)
3-5
IB Group B (with Field Lab if Emphasis 1)
3-5
IB Group B or Elective
3-5
IB Group C or Elective
3-5
INTEGBI 77A (Only one of INTEGBI 77A or 77B is required)
1
INTEGBI 77B (Only one of INTEGBI 77A or 77B is required)
1
7-11
7-11
Senior
Fall
Units
Spring
Units
IB Group A
4
IB Elective
3-5
IB Group B or Elective
3-5
IB Lab or Elective
3-5
7-9
6-10
Total Units: 27-41
Accelerated Program Plans
For students considering graduating in less than four years, it's important to acknowledge the reasons to undertake such a plan of study. While there are advantages to pursuing a three-year degree plan, such as reducing financial burdens, it can significantly restrict participation in co-curricular activities and research internships, plus limit the possible depth of study. Please consult with an academic adviser before pursuing an accelerated degree plan.
Student Learning Goals
Learning Goals for the Major
Describe the principles of evolution and genetics that underlie all biology.
Demonstrate a broad and integrated understanding of species origins, biological and organismal diversity, how to characterize, understand and protect this diversity, and interactions with the environment.
Demonstrate a fundamental understanding of the relationships between structure and function in animal (human) health.
Describe the basic principles of scientific inquiry and the importance of scientific study in integrative biology.
Illustrate the process of data collection, statistical analysis, and graphing including basic principles of experimental and sampling design.
Critically evaluate data, develop hypotheses, and interpret biological experiments.
Communicate effectively in the oral and written presentation of scientific results.
Major Map
Major maps are experience maps that help undergraduates plan their Berkeley journey based on intended major or field of interest. Featuring student opportunities and resources from your college and department as well as across campus, each map includes curated suggestions for planning your studies, engaging outside the classroom, and pursuing your career goals in a timeline format.
Use the major map below to explore potential paths and design your own unique undergraduate experience:
Integrative Biology offers three types of undergraduate advising: staff advisers, faculty advisers, and peer advisers. The advising office, located in 3060 Valley Life Sciences Building, is part of Biosciences Divisional Services (BDS), providing support for the Department of Integrative Biology, the Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, and the Department of Neuroscience.
BDS Student Services Mission Statement
We partner with faculty, staff, and students to create an inclusive academic community that offers holistic advising and innovative services to support educational success.
Staff Advisers
Staff academic advisers are trained to support students and assist them in successfully completing their IB major. They are excellent resources for questions concerning administration and academics or finding out about other available services. Students should see a staff adviser for the following:
Questions about major requirements
Advice about schedule planning
Declaring the IB major
Information about research opportunities, graduate and professional schools, career opportunities, and internships
Information and registration assistance for independent research credit
Scheduling conflicts or registration holds
General assistance or advice
Information about upcoming events and programs
Staff advisers are available for drop-in advising and appointments. Complex issues such as probation, academic difficulty, readmission, and major declaration are best discussed in an appointment. Please visit our advising services page for more information.
The general advising email address is ibusso@berkeley.edu. This email is checked daily, Monday through Friday, so students will receive a timely answer to their questions.
Faculty Advisers
Faculty advisers are IB professors assigned to advise students about the IB department, courses, research, and other academic issues. Students meet with a faculty adviser when they declare the IB major. Students should see a faculty adviser for the following:
Guidance toward achieving academic and career goals
Questions about the content of IB courses
Questions about biology fields and research
Recommendations on graduate training
For a list of faculty advisers and their office hours, please speak with a staff adviser or visit our website: http://ib.berkeley.edu/undergrad/advising.php. Faculty advisers are not available for office hours during instructional breaks, including summer break. Students may refer to staff advising availability during summer sessions and non-instructional periods.
Peer Advisers
Peer advisers are junior and senior IB students who volunteer their time to complement the advising services by sharing their experiences with classes, student groups on campus, preparation for life beyond Cal, and use of various campus resources. To see the schedule and more information about our peer advisers, visit their webpage: https://ib.berkeley.edu/undergrad/ibpeers.
Courses
Integrative Biology
Terms offered: Fall 2024, Summer 2024 Second 6 Week Session, Fall 2023
An introduction to the biomes, plants, and animals of California. The lectures will introduce natural history as the foundation of the sciences, with an overview of geology, paleontology, historical biology, botany, zoology, ecosystem ecology, and conservation biology. The field labs will include activities on the UC Berkeley campus and around the Bay Area. Course is open to all students without prerequisite and will provide a foundation for advanced study in biology and field biology. California Natural History: Read More [+]
Objectives & Outcomes
Course Objectives: Create detailed natural history observations with georeferenced photos and videos Enjoy local ecosystems and museum collections as sources of study and inspiration Identify the common organisms in your community with colloquial and scientific names Produce sophisticated observations of organismal behavior and ecosystem processes Synthesize your observations into comprehensive species lists for specific geographic areas Understand the relationship between history, climate, and species composition in California
Rules & Requirements
Credit Restrictions: Students will receive no credit for INTEGBI 11 after completing INTEGBI W11. A deficient grade in INTEGBI 11 may be removed by taking INTEGBI W11.
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 2 hours of lecture and 1 hour of fieldwork per week
Summer: 6 weeks - 4.5 hours of lecture and 3 hours of fieldwork per week
Terms offered: Fall 2018, Fall 2016, Fall 2014
This course will cover our modern scientific understanding of origins, from the Big Bang to the formation of planets like Earth, evolution by natural selection, the genetic basis of evolution, and the emergence of humans. These ideas are of great intrinsic scientific importance and also have far reaching implications for other aspects of people's lives (e.g., philosophical, religious, and political). A major theme will be the scientific method and how we know what we know. Origins: from the Big Bang to the Emergence of Humans: Read More [+]
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 3 hours of lecture and 2 hours of discussion per week
Terms offered: Spring 2025, Fall 2024, Spring 2024
The Berkeley Seminar Program has been designed to provide new students with the opportunity to explore an intellectual topic with a faculty member in a small-seminar setting. Berkeley Seminars are offered in all campus departments, and topics vary from department to department and semester to semester. Freshman Seminars: Read More [+]
Rules & Requirements
Repeat rules: Course may be repeated for credit when topic changes.
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 1 hour of seminar per week
Grading/Final exam status: The grading option will be decided by the instructor when the class is offered. Final Exam To be decided by the instructor when the class is offered.
Terms offered: Summer 2022 8 Week Session, Summer 2021 8 Week Session, Summer 2020 8 Week Session
Principles of evolution biology as they relate to animal behavior and behavioral ecology with broad coverage of animal groups. Special attention will be paid to the emerging discipline of behavioral ecology. The Ecology and Evolution of Animal Behavior: Read More [+]
Rules & Requirements
Prerequisites: Open to all students; designed for those not specializing in biology
Credit Restrictions: Students will receive no credit for Integrative Biology 31 after taking Integrative Biology 144, C144 or Psychology C115B.
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 2 hours of lecture, 1 hour of demonstration, and 1 hour of discussion per week
Summer: 6 weeks - 5 hours of lecture, 5 hours of demonstration, and 5 hours of discussion per week 8 weeks - 4 hours of lecture, 2 hours of demonstration, and 2 hours of discussion per week
Terms offered: Spring 2023, Spring 2022, Spring 2021
Bioinspired design views the process of how we learn from Nature as an innovation strategy translating principles of function, performance and aesthetics from biology to human technology. The creative design process is driven by interdisciplinary exchange among engineering, biology, art, architecture and business. Diverse teams of students will collaborate on, create, and present original bioinspired design projects. Lectures discuss biomimicry, challenges of extracting principles from Nature, scaling, robustness, and entrepreneurship through case studies highlighting robots that run, fly, and swim, materials like gecko-inspired adhesives, artificial muscles, medical prosthetic devices, and translation to start-ups. Bioinspired Design: Read More [+]
Rules & Requirements
Prerequisites: Open to all students
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 2 hours of lecture and 1 hour of discussion per week
Terms offered: Spring 2025, Spring 2023, Spring 2022
This is an introductory course
focusing on Mesozoic Earth, the era preceding our current era, the Cenozoic. We will use
an easy-to-relate topic (dinosaurs) to learn about the scientific process and how we know
what we know in paleontology and evolutionary biology. The range of topics to be
covered includes a brief history of paleontology; the geologic timescale; the tree of life;
fossil vertebrate diversity; the major lineages of dinosaurs; the first mammals and the
K-Pg mass extinction event. Life During the Age of Dinosaurs: Read More [+]
Rules & Requirements
Credit Restrictions: Students will receive no credit for INTEGBI 33 after completing INTEGBI N33, or INTEGBI S33.
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 3 hours of lecture per week
Summer: 6 weeks - 8 hours of lecture per week 8 weeks - 6 hours of lecture per week
Grading/Final exam status: Letter grade. Alternate method of final assessment during regularly scheduled final exam group (e.g., presentation, final project, etc.).
Terms offered: Summer 1996 10 Week Session
Open without prerequisite to all students and designed for those not specializing in paleontology. Evolution history, and ecology of the dinosaurs and their world, including the earliest mammals and birds. Topics in Paleontology: The Age of Dinosaurs: Read More [+]
Rules & Requirements
Repeat rules: Course may be repeated for credit with instructor consent.
Terms offered: Spring 2025, Spring 2024, Spring 2023
This course addresses modern human biological variation from historical, comparative, evolutionary, biomedical, and cultural perspectives. It is designed to introduce students to the fundamentals of comparative biology, evolutionary theory, and genetics. Human Biological Variation: Read More [+]
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 3 hours of lecture and 1 hour of discussion per week
Summer: 8 weeks - 6 hours of lecture and 2 hours of discussion per week
Terms offered: Prior to 2007
. Open without prerequisite toall students and designed for those not specializing in paleontology. Survey the evolution, ecology, and history of the primate order. Special emphasis will be given to primate origins, geographic distribution, and the evolution of the human lineage. Topics in Paleontology: The Antecedents of Man: Read More [+]
Hours & Format
Summer: 8 weeks - 3 hours of lecture and 2 hours of laboratory per week
Terms offered: Not yet offered
This course invites students to discover the animal within and explore the profound connections that link us humans to the broader tree of life. Through a multidisciplinary approach, we will examine the vestiges of our evolutionary past, from the structural features inherited from fish to the remnants of primate behaviors still visible in modern humans. Students will delve into comparative anatomy, genetics, and paleontology to uncover how over time evolution and major environmental changes has shaped the human form and function. The Animal In You: Evolutionary Traces In The Human Body: Read More [+]
Objectives & Outcomes
Course Objectives: Analyze Deep Time Evolution Through Fossil Evidence: Interpret fossil evidence and use it to reconstruct the evolutionary history of anatomical traits, including vestigial structures. Explore Evolutionary Processes: Gain a basic understanding of natural selection, genetic mechanism, and other evolutionary processes that have shaped human and other vertebrates over hundreds of millions of years. Identify Evolutionary Ancestry: Describe key anatomical features in the human body that trace back to our evolutionary ancestors, including their function and revolutionary roles. Investigate Animal and Environment Interactions: Investigate adaptations in the vertebrate body corresponding to (major) environmental changes, such as bipedalism, opposable thumbs, and complex brain development. Understand Evolutionary Variations: Compare and contrast human anatomy with that of other vertebrates, highlighting evolutionary similarities and differences that illustrate the diversity of organ systems and underlying genetic basis.
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 3 hours of lecture per week
Terms offered: Summer 2024 8 Week Session, Fall 2023, Summer 2023 8 Week Session
A survey of marine mammal evolution, biology, behavior, ecology, and politics with a concentration on those species found in the North Pacific. Coverage would include: origin and evolution of cetaceans, pinnipeds, sirenians, and sea otters; basic biology and anatomy of marine mammal groups, and North Pacific species in particular; ecological interactions and role in nearshore and pelagic marine communities; and interactions between humans and marine mammals. Marine Mammals: Read More [+]
Rules & Requirements
Prerequisites: Designed for those not specializing in Integrative Biology
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 2 hours of lecture per week
Summer: 6 weeks - 5 hours of lecture per week 8 weeks - 4 hours of lecture per week
Terms offered: Summer 1996 10 Week Session
An introduction to the order of mammals of which we are members. The niches of primates in modern ecosystems, their anatomical and behavorial specialization, and their role as indicator species in conservation. The mechanisms and variety of primate social organization compared with that of other animals. Primate Biology: Read More [+]
Rules & Requirements
Credit Restrictions: Open to all students but designed for those not specializing in biology.
Terms offered: Fall 2022
We live in a microbial world, and the evolution of multicellular organisms has been intimately affected by microbes. Their influences range from mutualistic benefits to disease and represent a fundamental force that shapes plant and animal phenotypes and evolutionary trajectories. Recent advances in genomic methodologies have further increased our appreciation of the role of microbes in host health and fitness by unraveling the commonness of microbial communities in all organisms and their complex interactions with their hosts. This course will consider the broad range of host-microbe interactions and underlying mechanisms – from mutualism to pathogenesis, and from binary host-microbe interactions, to the microbiome. What Lives Inside Us? Microbiomes and Symbiosis: Read More [+]
Rules & Requirements
Credit Restrictions: Students will receive no credit for INTEGBI 43 after completing INTEGBI 118.
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 3 hours of lecture and 1 hour of discussion per week
Terms offered: Summer 2024 8 Week Session, Summer 2023 8 Week Session, Summer 2022 8 Week Session
The course will review major groups of food plants from an evolutionary and historical perspective, by examining the origins from wild relatives to current distribution and varieties today. Examples will be reviewed from a diversity of crops from around the world, such as grains, pulses, vegetables, fruits, nuts and others (e.g., caffeine-producing plants). General concepts covered will include plant morphology, evolutionary processes (domestication, hybridization, polyploidy, diversification) and relevant ecology (e.g., pollination biology, pest and pest control). Focus will include California agriculture and crops as illustrated through field trips. Origins and Evolution of Food Plants: Read More [+]
Terms offered: Fall 2022
This course will support students in reflecting on personal values, building relationships with community stakeholders, fostering research experiences, and ultimately designing their own DeCal courses and RSOs to develop leadership potential in the field of science and the department of Integrative Biology. We strongly encourage co-enrollment with freshman or sophomore seminars and aim to support students in identifying internship, externship, and public service opportunities. Berkeley Changemaker: BioDiscovery, Community, and Culture: Read More [+]
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 2 hours of lecture and 1 hour of discussion per week
Terms offered: Fall 2024, Fall 2023, Fall 2022
Each week a different Integrative Biology faculty member will give a one hour lecture on how their research field contributes to our understanding of human biology. The integration of the disciplines of evolution, ecology, paleontology, comparative physiology, and comparative anatomy in the study of how humans function in ecosystems illuminates our understanding of human biology. During each presentation, the faculty member will also inform students about IB courses they teach, research in their lab, and which Berkeley Natural History Museum they may be affiliated with. This course gives undergraduates an opportunity to learn about the spectrum of research and courses offered by the different IB faculty. Integrative Human Biology: Read More [+]
Rules & Requirements
Credit Restrictions: 77A and 77B may each be taken once for credit. Majors are required to take at least one semester of 77A OR 77B.
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 1 hour of seminar per week
Terms offered: Spring 2025, Spring 2024, Spring 2023
Each week a different Integrative Biology faculty member will give a one hour lecture on how their research field contributes to our understanding of human biology. The integration of the disciplines of evolution, ecology, paleontology, comparative physiology, and comparative anatomy in the study of how humans function in ecosystems illuminates our understanding of human biology. During each presentation, the faculty member will also inform students about IB courses they teach, research in their lab, and which Berkeley Natural History Museum they may be affiliated with. This course gives undergraduates an opportunity to learn about the spectrum of research and courses offered by the different IB faculty. Integrative Human Biology: Read More [+]
Rules & Requirements
Credit Restrictions: 77A and 77B may each be taken once for credit. Majors are required to take at least one.
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 1 hour of seminar per week
Terms offered: Fall 2024, Spring 2001, Spring 2000
A field-based course with overnight and day trips to natural areas in the Bay Area and coastal California. Field trips and lectures emphasize natural history of California organisms and field research methods to study global climate change as well as preparing students for careers in ecology, evolutionary biology and conservation. There will be four field trips. Two of these field trips are day trips and two of these trips will involve weekends. Vans to transport students to field trips which will be driven by the instructors and the GSI. Camping equipment will be provided. Introduction to Field Research in Global Change Biology: Read More [+]
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 2 hours of lecture and 2.5 hours of fieldwork per week
Terms offered: Spring 2025, Fall 2024, Spring 2024
Sophomore seminars are small interactive courses offered by faculty members in departments all across the campus. Sophomore seminars offer opportunity for close, regular intellectual contact between faculty members and students in the crucial second year. The topics vary from department to department and semester to semester. Enrollment limited to 15 sophomores. Sophomore Seminar: Read More [+]
Rules & Requirements
Prerequisites: At discretion of instructor
Repeat rules: Course may be repeated for credit when topic changes.
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 5 weeks - 3-6 hours of seminar per week 10 weeks - 1.5-3 hours of seminar per week 15 weeks - 1-2 hours of seminar per week
Summer: 6 weeks - 2.5-5 hours of seminar per week 8 weeks - 1.5-3.5 hours of seminar and 2-4 hours of seminar per week
Grading/Final exam status: The grading option will be decided by the instructor when the class is offered. Final Exam To be decided by the instructor when the class is offered.
Terms offered: Summer 2014 8 Week Session, Summer 2013 8 Week Session, Summer 2012 8 Week Session
This course provides a functional understanding of hypothesis/data driven research and exposure to current approaches and methods in biological science. The lectures address foundational concepts of the scientific method, research ethics, scientific communication, and how to understand scientific literature. The labs provide exposure to faculty research and experimental methods. The course is geared to incoming freshmen, sophomores, and transfer students interested in learning more about research. Introduction to Research Methods in Biology: Read More [+]
Rules & Requirements
Prerequisites: Consent of instructor
Hours & Format
Summer: 8 weeks - 1 hour of lecture, 1 hour of discussion, and 3 hours of laboratory per week
Terms offered: Spring 2017, Fall 2016, Spring 2016
Students enrolled in Biology 1B can participate in special field research in addition to attending regular laboratory sections. Students work independently with minimal supervision. Students will learn how to develop a project, collect and record data, conduct and analyze experiments, write a report, and make an oral presentation. Project may require traveling to off-campus sites, and may include night or weekend work. Special Research Project in Biology 1B: Read More [+]
Rules & Requirements
Prerequisites: Consent of instructor; selected by interview
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 4 hours of fieldwork and 2 hours of discussion per week
Terms offered: Prior to 2007
Enrollment into this course is for students interested in teaching science to children under the guidance of the Lawrence Hall of Science Instructors and Staff. As a LHS Teaching Assistant (TA), you will have the opportunity to assist with workshops serving grade school-aged children and to lead small discussion groups. The workshops consist of organismal biology related materials. You will undergo training in the Hall’s Animal Discovery Room to ensure that you are prepared to support school and public programs scheduled in that space. There will also be opportunities to travel to nearby school districts to give presentations on the materials you work with. Lawrence Hall of Science Teaching Assistant: Read More [+]
Rules & Requirements
Prerequisites: Students must be concurrently enrolled or have completed Biology 1B
Repeat rules: Course may be repeated for credit without restriction.
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 3-6 hours of fieldwork per week
Terms offered: Fall 2024, Fall 2023, Fall 2022
Students will be introduced to the "culture" of the biological sciences, along with an in-depth orientation to the academic life and the culture of the university as they relate to majoring in biology. Students will learn concepts, skills, and information that they can use in their major courses, and as future science professionals. Studying the Biological Sciences: Read More [+]
Rules & Requirements
Prerequisites: Consent of instructor
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 2 hours of lecture per week
Terms offered: Spring 2025, Spring 2024, Spring 2023
Lectures and small group discussions focusing on topics of interest, varying from semester to semester. Directed Group Study: Read More [+]
Rules & Requirements
Prerequisites: Freshmen and sophomores only
Repeat rules: Course may be repeated for credit without restriction.
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 1-4 hours of directed group study per week
Summer: 6 weeks - 2.5-10 hours of directed group study per week 8 weeks - 1.5-7.5 hours of directed group study per week
Terms offered: Spring 2025, Fall 2024, Spring 2024
Berkeley Connect is a mentoring program, offered through various academic departments, that helps students build intellectual community. Over the course of a semester, enrolled students participate in regular small-group discussions facilitated by a graduate student mentor (following a faculty-directed curriculum), meet with their graduate student mentor for one-on-one academic advising, attend lectures and panel discussions featuring department faculty and alumni, and go on field trips to campus resources. Students are not required to be declared majors in order to participate. Berkeley Connect: Read More [+]
Rules & Requirements
Repeat rules: Course may be repeated for credit without restriction.
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 1 hour of lecture per week
Terms offered: Spring 2022, Spring 2015, Spring 2014
Lower division independent study and research intended for the academically superior student. Enrollment only with prior approval of faculty adviser directing the research. Supervised Independent Study and Research: Read More [+]
Rules & Requirements
Prerequisites: GPA of 3.4 or greater
Repeat rules: Course may be repeated for credit without restriction.
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 0 hours of independent study per week
Summer: 6 weeks - 1-3 hours of independent study per week 8 weeks - 1-3 hours of independent study per week
Terms offered: Spring 2020, Spring 2018, Spring 2016, Spring 2015
For undergraduates interested in improving their ability to communicate their scientific knowledge by teaching ocean science in elementary schools or science centers/aquariums. The course will combine instruction in inquiry-based teaching methods and learning pedagogy with six weeks of supervised teaching experience in a local school classroom or the Lawrence Hall of Science with a partner. Thus, students will practice communicating scientific knowledge and receive mentoring on how to improve their presentations. Communicating Ocean Science: Read More [+]
Rules & Requirements
Prerequisites: One course in introductory biology, geology, chemistry, physics, or marine science required and interest in ocean science; junior, senior, or graduate standing; consent of instructor required for sophomores
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 3 hours of lecture and 2 hours of fieldwork per week
Terms offered: Spring 2020, Spring 2019, Spring 2018
This course will introduce students to concepts and techniques for effective communication of scientific findings, both within the scientific community and to the general public. Students will be exposed to a variety of formats, including systematic observations in field journals, proposals, conference presentations, seminars, journal articles, popular science writing, and interviews. Students can expect to gain a sense of confidence in writing and public speaking about research. Direct language is valued in scientific writing, but creative approaches to style and structure will be emphasized. Introduction to Scientific Writing: Read More [+]
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 4 hours of seminar per week
Terms offered: Spring 2022, Spring 2020, Spring 2018
The relationship of the main plant groups and the plant communities of California to climate, soils, vegetation, geological and recent history, and conservation. Laboratory will also include at least two Saturday field trips and focus on main plant groups and major plant families in California, and use of keys to identify introduced and especially native pteridophytes, conifers, and flowering plants of the state. Introduction to California Plant Life with Laboratory: Read More [+]
Rules & Requirements
Prerequisites: Biology 1B or consent of instructor
Credit Restrictions: Student will receive partial credit for 102LF after taking 102.
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 2 hours of lecture and 6 hours of laboratory per week
Summer: 8 weeks - 4 hours of lecture and 12 hours of laboratory per week
Terms offered: Fall 2019, Spring 2018, Spring 2016
Introductory survey of the biology of invertebrates, stressing comparative functional morphology, phylogeny, natural history, and aspects of physiology and development. Laboratory study of invertebrate diversity and functional morphology, and field study of the natural history of local marine invertebrates. Invertebrate Zoology with Laboratory: Read More [+]
Rules & Requirements
Prerequisites: Biology 1A-1B
Credit Restrictions: Students will receive partial credit for 103LF after taking 103.
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 3 hours of lecture and 6 hours of laboratory per week
Terms offered: Fall 2024, Fall 2023, Fall 2022
(1) survey of museum resources, including strategies for accession, conservation, collecting and acquiring material, administration, and policies; (2) strategies for making collections digitally available (digitization, databasing, georeferencing, mapping); (3) tools and approaches for examining historical specimens (genomics, isotopes, ecology, morphology, etc); and (4) data integration and inference. The final third of the course will involve individual projects within a given museum. Natural History Museums and Biodiversity Science: Read More [+]
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 2 hours of lecture and 3 hours of laboratory per week
Terms offered: Spring 2019, Fall 2017, Fall 2016
An analysis of the structural diversity of land plants plants with emphasis on the developmental mechanisms responsible for this variation in morphology and the significance of this diversity in relation to adaptation and evolution. Principles of Plant Morphology with Laboratory: Read More [+]
Rules & Requirements
Prerequisites: Biology 1A-1B
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 1 hour of lecture, 1 hour of discussion, and 4 hours of laboratory per week
Terms offered: Spring 2025, Summer 2022 8 Week Session, Summer 2021 8 Week Session
This course focus on the interactions among marine organisms and on their relationship to the environment. Topics include an overview of marine organisms, functioning of marine ecosystems, anthropogenic impacts, climate change impacts, and conservation. Lectures consist of discussions of primary literature, videos, and student presentations; and discussion sections review and expand on topics covered in lecture. By the end of
the course, you should be able to compare marine ecosystems, identify the major marine organisms and explain their role within a community, explain the main abiotic factors affecting the dynamics and distribution of marine species, and discuss how human communities and marine organisms and ecosystem affect one another. Marine Biology: Read More [+]
Objectives & Outcomes
Course Objectives: Describe the physical characteristics of the world's oceans and their basins and region. Recognize and describe many of the groups of organisms found in marine ecosystems. Recognize the impact of global change on marine organisms and describe importance of marine life to human societies regionally and across the globe. Synthesize knowledge of physical and chemical processes to help describe biological adaptations across a diversity of organisms in the context of these organisms’ various marine habitats.
Terms offered: Fall 2019, Fall 2018, Fall 2016
From the seahorse’s body to the venus flytrap’s jaws to the human brain, nature abounds with amazing adaptations. This interdisciplinary course explores how and why such biodiversity evolves as well as what limits diversity. Lectures and case studies will focus on core concepts, recent advances, and integrative approaches, placing special emphasis on the interplay between gene regulatory networks, the environment, and population genetics. Evolution and Ecology of Development: Read More [+]
Objectives & Outcomes
Student Learning Outcomes: • Explain how an interdisciplinary approach involving genetics, development, evolutionary
biology, and ecology can be used to understand the processes that generate patterns of
biodiversity.
• List and describe major questions, findings, and experimental approaches in the field of
ecological and evolutionary developmental biology.
• Discuss biological research using specialized terminology and defend your opinions.
• Critically evaluate and interpret the primary scientific literature.
• Combine factual material with deductive reasoning to propose hypotheses and future
research directions
Terms offered: Fall 2024, Fall 2022, Fall 2021
Selected aspects of fungi: their structure, reproduction, physiology, ecology, genetics and evolution; their role in plant disease, human welfare, and industry. Offered even fall semesters. Biology of Fungi with Laboratory: Read More [+]
Rules & Requirements
Prerequisites: Biology 1B
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 1 hour of lecture and 3 hours of laboratory per week
Terms offered: Spring 2025
Unlock the power of programming for biological exploration! This beginnerfriendly
course introduces biologists to essential programming concepts using C and Python. Dive
into hands-on projects tailored for biological applications, equipping you with the skills to analyze
data, visualize results, and automate tasks. No prior coding experience required. Embrace the
world of programming to elevate your research capabilities in the life sciences! Introductory Programming for Biologists: Read More [+]
Objectives & Outcomes
Course Objectives: Develop a matured perspective on how to turn an algorithm into computer code. Improve your understanding of several numerical methods commonly used in computational biology. Learn how to describe the efficiency of computer algorithms. Learn the basics of computer programming, including data types, functions, control statements, and structures/classes. Learn to love computational biology and programming! Understand several of the concepts basic to evolutionary biology and population genetics. Understand that programming is not just a tool for solving problems but an art and science in and of itself.
Terms offered: Spring 2024, Spring 2023, Spring 2022
This course will center around answering the following questions: What do the fossil and geologic records have to tell us about the nature of ecological and evolutionary processes? What do they teach us that cannot be learned from the living world alone? In answering these questions, the course will provide an introduction to the analysis of key problems in paleobiology, with an emphasis on how evolutionary and ecological processes operate on geologic timescales. Paleobiological Perspectives on Ecology and Evolution: Read More [+]
Rules & Requirements
Prerequisites: Prior biology experience, or consent of instructor. No paleontological or geological background required
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 3 hours of lecture and 3 hours of laboratory per week
Terms offered: Fall 2024, Summer 2024 8 Week Session, Summer 2023 8 Week Session
Many of the challenges of managing infectious disease are essentially ecological and evolutionary problems. Disease follows the rules of species interactions as it spreads through host populations while resistance to antibiotics occurs through the rules of evolutionary biology. The key aim of the module is to teach ecological and evolutionary principles in the light of infectious diseases affecting human populations and societies as well as agriculture and wildlife. This is applied ecology and applied evolution writ large. Infectious Disease Dynamics: Read More [+]
Objectives & Outcomes
Student Learning Outcomes: - Understanding the role of infectious disease in natural populations and communities
- Understand the role of disease in shaping human agriculture and societies
- Describe how infectious disease may be important in conservation
- Discuss when parasite virulence makes sense in the light of evolution
- Explain how to apply ecological and evolutionary principles to the treatment and control of infectious
- Present a scientific poster on the evidence for coevolution between a pair of species.
Rules & Requirements
Prerequisites: Bio 1A and Bio 1B or equivalent required, Ecology or Evolution course suggested
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 3 hours of lecture and 1 hour of discussion per week
Summer: 8 weeks - 5 hours of lecture and 2 hours of discussion per week
Terms offered: Summer 2021 First 6 Week Session, Summer 2020 First 6 Week Session, Summer 2019 First 6 Week Session
This course includes the biology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, treatment, and prevention of various medically important parasitic infections. Life cycles of parasitic helminths and protozoa, the biological aspects of the host-parasite relationship, the epidemiology of the infection, and the interplay of social, economical, and ecological factors which contribute to the disease will be covered in both lectures and videos. Medical Parasitology: Read More [+]
Rules & Requirements
Prerequisites: 1A, 1B, or equivalent
Hours & Format
Summer: 6 weeks - 6 hours of lecture and 6 hours of laboratory per week
Terms offered: Fall 2021, Fall 2020, Fall 2019
Biological diversity and ethno-linguistic diversity sustain traditional botanical medicine systems of the world. Major topics covered in this course include cultural origins of medicinal plant knowledge on plant-derived pharmaceuticals and phytomedicines; field research methods in ethnobotany and ethnopharmacology; examples of how traditional botanical medicines provide safe, effective, affordable, and sustainable primary health care to tropical countries; human physiology, human diseases, and mechanisms of action of plant-derived drugs. Medical Ethnobotany: Read More [+]
Rules & Requirements
Prerequisites: Bio 1A
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 2 hours of lecture per week
Terms offered: Fall 2021, Fall 2020, Fall 2019
Laboratory will focus on studying medicinal plants from the major ecosystems and geographical regions of the world. Students will learn common names, scientific names, plant families, field identification, habitats, and ethnomedical uses of medicinal plants. How the medicinal plant is prepared, administered, and used as a phytomedicine will also be discussed. There will be reference to the phylogenetic relationships between the plant families and genera represented by the medicinal plants. Medical Ethnobotany Laboratory: Read More [+]
Rules & Requirements
Prerequisites: Bio 1B
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 6 hours of laboratory per week
Terms offered: Fall 2023, Fall 2021, Fall 2020
We live in a microbial world, and microbes have shaped (and continue to shape) plant and animal physiology and evolution through a myriad of contributions – from mutualistic benefits to disease. Recent advances in genomic methodologies have further increased our appreciation of such contributions by highlighting the prevalence of organismal microbial communities and their complex interactions with their hosts. Through lectures and discussions, IB 118 will consider the broad range of host-microbe interactions – from mutualism to pathogenesis, and from pairwise interactions to the microbiome - learning the principles that shape these interactions, the technologies used to interrogate them and the molecular mechanisms underlying them. Organismal Microbiomes and Host-Pathogen Interactions: Read More [+]
Rules & Requirements
Prerequisites: Biology 1A-1B
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 3 hours of lecture and 1 hour of discussion per week
Terms offered: Spring 2025, Spring 2024, Spring 2023
This course provides a fast-paced introduction to a variety of quantitative methods used in biology and their mathematical underpinnings. While no topic will be covered in depth, the course will provide an overview of several different topics commonly encountered in modern biological research including differential equations and systems of differential equations, a review of basic concepts in linear algebra, an introduction to probability theory, Markov chains, maximum likelihood and Bayesian estimation, measures of statistical confidence, hypothesis testing and model choice, permutation and simulation, and several topics in statistics and machine learning including regression analyses, clustering, and principal component analyses. Introduction to Quantitative Methods In Biology: Read More [+]
Objectives & Outcomes
Student Learning Outcomes: Ability to calculate means and variances for a sample and relate it to expectations and variances of a random variable.
Ability to calculate probabilities of discrete events using simple counting techniques, addition of probabilities of mutually exclusive events, multiplication of probabilities of independent events, the definition of conditional probability, the law of total probability, and Bayes’ formula, and familiarity with the use of such calculations to understand biological relationships.
Ability to carry out various procedures for data visualization in R.
Ability to classify states in discrete time Markov chains, and to calculate transition probabilities and stationary distributions for simple discrete time, finite state-space Markov chains, and an understanding of the modeling of evolutionary processes as Markov chains.
Ability to define likelihood functions for simple examples based on standard random variables.
Ability to implement simple statistical models in R and to use simple permutation procedures to quantify uncertainty.
Ability to implement standard and logistic regression models with multiple covariates in R.
Ability to manipulate matrices using multiplication and addition.
Ability to model simple relationships between biological variables using differential equations.
Ability to work in a Unix environment and manipulating files in Unix.
An understanding of basic probability theory including some of the standard univariate random variables, such as the binomial, geometric, exponential, and normal distribution, and how these variables can be used to model biological systems.
An understanding of powers of matrices and the inverse of a matrix.
An understanding of sampling and sampling variance.
An understanding of the principles used for point estimation, hypothesis testing, and the formation of confidence intervals and credible intervals.
Familiarity with ANOVA and ability to implementation it in R.
Familiarity with PCA, other methods of clustering, and their implementation in R.
Familiarity with basic differential equations and their solutions.
Familiarity with covariance, correlation, ordinary least squares, and interpretations of slopes and intercepts of a regression line.
Familiarity with functional programming in R and/or Python and ability to define new functions.
Familiarity with one or more methods used in machine learning/statistics such as hidden Markov models, CART, neural networks, and/or graphical models.
Familiarity with python allowing students to understand simple python scripts.
Familiarity with random effects models and ability to implement them in R.
Familiarity with the assumptions of regression and methods for investigating the assumptions using R.
Familiarity with the use of matrices to model transitions in a biological system with discrete categories.
Rules & Requirements
Prerequisites: Biology 1A, Biology 1B, a course in statistics such as Data 8, Stat 2 or Stat 20, and two semesters of college level math including calculus such as Math 10A and Math 10B. Undergraduate students engaged in honors research, or other supervised research, are preferred. Previous knowledge of R is not necessary
Credit Restrictions: A deficient grade in INTEGBI 120 may be removed by taking INTEGBI 201.
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 3 hours of lecture and 3 hours of laboratory per week
Terms offered: Fall 2023, Fall 2021, Fall 2019
Discussion of how chemical energy is captured within cells and how potential chemical energy is converted to muscular work. Energetics, direct and indirect calorimetry, pathways of carbon flow in exercise, ventilation, circulation, skeletal muscle fiber types. Laboratory component of the course is to obtain practical experience in the measurement of physiological parameters and to be able to compile, compare, contrast, and interpret physiological data. Laboratory demonstrations and exercises will explain lecture content. Exercise and Environmental Physiology with Laboratory: Read More [+]
Rules & Requirements
Prerequisites: Biology 1A, Chemistry 3B and Integrative Biology 132 or Molecular and Cell Biology 136
Credit Restrictions: Student will receive partial credit for 123AL after taking 123A.
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 3 hours of lecture and 3 hours of laboratory per week
Terms offered: Summer 2024 First 6 Week Session, Summer 2023 First 6 Week Session, Summer 2022 First 6 Week Session
Survey course of sports medicine including topics of athletic injury (cause, evaluation, and treatment options), exercise physiology, exercise and health, fitness testing, issues specific to female athletes, drug abuse in sports, environmental issues (heat, altitude, sun exposure), nutrition, careers in sports medicine, introduction to clinical research. Sports Medicine: Read More [+]
Rules & Requirements
Prerequisites: Background in anatomy, physiology, or exercise physiology recommended
Hours & Format
Summer: 6 weeks - 5 hours of lecture and 2 hours of discussion per week 8 weeks - 5 hours of lecture and 2 hours of discussion per week
Terms offered: Spring 2022, Spring 2020, Spring 2019
Principles and theories of human physiological assessment in relation to physical activity and conditioning. Performance of laboratory procedures in the measurement and interpretation of physiological fitness (cardiorespiratory endurance, body composition, musculoskeletal fitness). Human Physiological Assessment: Read More [+]
Rules & Requirements
Prerequisites: Biology 1A, IB 132 (may be taken concurrently); IB 123AL is recommended
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 2 hours of lecture and 3 hours of laboratory per week
Summer: 6 weeks - 5 hours of lecture and 7.5 hours of laboratory per week
Terms offered: Fall 2024, Summer 2024 8 Week Session, Fall 2023
The functional anatomy of the human body as revealed by gross and microscopic examination. Designed to be taken concurrently with 131L. General Human Anatomy: Read More [+]
Rules & Requirements
Prerequisites: Biology 1A-1B or Chemistry 1A
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 3 hours of lecture per week
Summer: 6 weeks - 8 hours of lecture per week 8 weeks - 6 hours of lecture per week
Terms offered: Spring 2025, Spring 2024, Spring 2023
Mechanisms by which key physiological priorities are maintained in healthy humans. From a basis in elementary theories of information and control, we develop an understanding of homeostasis of cellular composition, structure, and energy metabolism. We then study neural and endocrine signaling in humans, and develop the key concepts of control and homeostasis in all the major organ and multi-organ systems, including cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, metabolic, reproductive, and immune systems, growth and development, and sensory and motor systems. Human Physiology: Read More [+]
Rules & Requirements
Prerequisites: Biology 1A
Credit Restrictions: Students will receive no credit for Integrative Biology 132 after completing Molecular and Cell Biology 136.
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 3 hours of lecture and 1 hour of discussion per week
Summer: 8 weeks - 6 hours of lecture and 2 hours of discussion per week
Terms offered: Spring 2025, Spring 2024, Spring 2023
In the laboratory component of IB132, students gain hands-on experience measuring physiological parameters, interpreting physiological data, designing experiments, and communicating ideas in writing and orally. Guided investigations include measurements of membrane potentials, responses of skeletal muscle to electrical stimulation, electromyography, pulmonary and cardiovascular measurements in humans, contractility and regulation of the frog heart, human electrocardiography, and renal control of body fluids. In two independent investigations, students identify their own questions, develop hypotheses, design and perform experiments, and present their studies in symposia.
Terms offered: Fall 2024, Fall 2023, Fall 2022
Genome sequencing and analyses have transformed biology over the past two decades. This course provides a hands-on introduction to the world of computational biology and bioinformatics. Students will apply state-of-the-art techniques to analyze genome and microbiome data from the UC Berkeley campus fox squirrels and local California ground squirrels each week. Students will master practical bioinformatics skills and then take on their own scientific research projects, all using genomic data collected specifically for this course. We will also explore key advances in the field of genomics over the past two decades of both humans and non-model organisms that have driven the current revolution in genome sciences. Practical Genomics: Read More [+]
Terms offered: Spring 2024, Spring 2016, Fall 2013
Organism design in terms of mechanical principles; basics of fluid and solid mechanics with examples of their biological implications, stressing the dependence of mechanical behavior and locomotion on the structure of molecules, tissues, structural elements, whole organisms, and habitats. The Mechanics of Organisms: Read More [+]
Rules & Requirements
Prerequisites: Introductory physics and biology recommended
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 3 hours of lecture and 1 hour of discussion per week
Terms offered: Spring 2015, Spring 2014, Spring 2013, Spring 2012
Introduction to laboratory and field study of the biomechanics of animals and plants using fundamental biomechanical techniques and equipment. Course has a series of rotations involving students in experiments demonstrating how solid and fluid mechanics can be used to discover the way in which diverse organisms move and interact with their physical environment. The laboratories emphasize sampling methodology, experimental design, and statistical interpretation of results. Latter third of course devoted to independent research projects. Written reports and class presentation of project results are required. Laboratory in the Mechanics of Organisms: Read More [+]
Terms offered: Fall 2023, Fall 2021, Fall 2014
The ability to reproduce is a defining characteristic of life, and of great interest to biologists as well as humanity in general. What is sex, and why did it develop? Why do we have sexual reproduction, whereas some animals do not? This course will provide a comprehensive overview on the biology of sex from an evolutionary perspective with an emphasis on humans in comparison to other species. The course will consist of two lectures each week, and a lab where we discuss a paper, watch videos, or have discussion sections on specific topics that were covered in class. The Biology of Sex: Read More [+]
Terms offered: Fall 2020, Fall 2019, Fall 2018
Course will address the role of hormones in physiology with a focus on humans. Regulation of hormone secretion and mechanisms of hormone action will be discussed. Physiological processes to be addressed include reproduction, metabolism, water balance, growth, fetal development. Experimental and clinical aspects will be addressed. Human Endocrinology: Read More [+]
Rules & Requirements
Prerequisites: Biology 1A-1B; human physiology (132) strongly recommended
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 3 hours of lecture and 1 hour of discussion per week
Terms offered: Spring 2025, Spring 2024, Spring 2023
The primary goal of this course is to provide students with a broad understanding of the evolution of hormonal systems. A comparative approach allows us to envisage how the complex mammalian endocrine system presumably evolved from that of more primitive vertebrates. Students will learn about endocrine pathways and endocrine-based behaviors of jawless fishes, fishes, amphibia, reptiles, birds, and mammals. In addition, students will gain an understanding of the experimental methods used in endocrine research. The class teaches students how to read and interpret the primary scientific literature; thus it encourages the critical thinking that is a fundamental skill for any scientist. Comparative Endocrinology: Read More [+]
Terms offered: Fall 2022, Fall 2020, Fall 2019
This course is designed to be an interdisciplinary course. It will adopt a broad-based approach to explore the concepts of stress, health, and disease, with a particular focus on current primary literature. The course will cover multiple dimensions in the study of stress, which employ genetic, epigenetic, molecular, cellular, physiological, and cognitive approaches, especially in the context of endocrine and neuroscience research. We will analyze the individual response to stress, how genetic and environmental factors play a role in it, how it translates to physiological and mental health and well-being vs. pathological conditions, and put that in a public health perspective.
Course Objectives: This course will emphasize the interconnected and multidirectional relationships between biology, behavior and the social environment. The study of stress is necessarily an interdisciplinary endeavor. This course is designed to explore the role of genes, hormones and experiences as they affect the stress-response and subsequently brain and behavior.
Rules & Requirements
Prerequisites: Biology 1A or Psychology 110. You will need a good understanding of the fundamentals of biology to do well in this class
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 3 hours of lecture and 1 hour of discussion per week
Terms offered: Spring 2025, Summer 2024 8 Week Session, Spring 2024
Course focuses on biological and cultural aspects of human reproduction including conception, embryology, pregnancy, labor, delivery, lactation, infant/child development, puberty, and reproductive aging. This includes study of factors that diminish and factors that enhance fertility, reproduction, and maternal-child health. We explore evolutionary, ecological, environmental, cultural, ethnobiological, and nutritional determinants of fertility, reproductive rate, infant survival, and population growth. Biology of Human Reproduction: Read More [+]
Rules & Requirements
Prerequisites: Biology 1A or equivalent
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 3 hours of lecture and 1 hour of discussion per week
Summer: 6 weeks - 8 hours of lecture and 2 hours of discussion per week 8 weeks - 5 hours of lecture and 1 hour of discussion per week
Terms offered: Summer 2024 8 Week Session, Summer 2023 8 Week Session, Summer 2022 8 Week Session
Principles of inheritance, especially as applied to human traits, including molecular aspects of genetics, the genetic constitutions of populations, and questions of heredity/environment. Human Genetics: Read More [+]
Rules & Requirements
Prerequisites: One course in biological science
Credit Restrictions: Students will receive no credit for 141 after taking Molecular and Cell Biology 142 or C142 and Integrative Biology C163.
Terms offered: Fall 2023
How do experiences and exposures get “under the skin” to impact human development? This course takes a research approach to understanding environmental origins of adult behavior. We begin with foundations in endocrinology, neurobiology, reproduction, and development. This sets the stage for studying how experiences influence development, including nutrition, stress, immune challenges, endocrine disruptors, and more. Students will engage in authentic research using seasonal transitions in rodent physiology and behavior to understand adaptation to changing environments. Brain, Behavior, and Environment: a research approach: Read More [+]
Rules & Requirements
Prerequisites: Biology 1A or Psychology 110. You will need a good understanding of the fundamentals of biology to do well in this class
Terms offered: Fall 2024, Fall 2023, Fall 2020, Fall 2018
A consideration of the biological clocks that generate daily, lunar, seasonal and annual rhythms in various animals including people. Emphasis on neuroendocrine substrates, development and adaptive significance of estrous cycles, feeding rhythms, sleep-wakefulness cycles, reproductive and hibernation cycles, body weight and migratory cycles. Biological Clocks: Physiology and Behavior: Read More [+]
Rules & Requirements
Prerequisites: Completion of biological prerequisites for the major and one of the following: 110 or a course in animal organismal physiology (Integrative Biology 132, 138, 140, 148, or Molecular and Cell Biology 160)
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 2 hours of lecture and 1 hour of discussion per week
Terms offered: Fall 2024, Fall 2023, Fall 2022
An introduction to comparative animal behavior and behavioral physiology in an evolutionary context, including but not limited to analysis of behavior, genetics and development, learning, aggression, reproduction, adaptiveness, and physiological substrates. Animal Behavior: Read More [+]
Rules & Requirements
Prerequisites: Biology 1A, 1B, or Environmental Science, Policy, and Management 140. Molecular and Cell Biology 140 and C160 recommended
Credit Restrictions: Students will receive no credit for 144 after taking C144, 145, 146LF, or Psychology C115B.
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 3 hours of lecture and 1 hour of discussion per week
Terms offered: Spring 2024, Spring 2022, Spring 2020
Communication is central to the lives of most, if not all animals. How and why animals communicate is thus central to understanding the ecology, behavior, neurobiology, and evolution of animal systems. This course will focus on understanding the basic principles driving the communication system of a species, drawing together topics ranging from the physical properties of the environment, physiology of sensory systems, animal behavior and ecology, using examples from classic and recent publications. Animal Communication: Read More [+]
Terms offered: Spring 2019, Spring 2017, Spring 2015
An in-depth examination of the ecological and evolutionary bases for behavioral diversity. Topics covered include behavior as an adaptive response, sexual selection, animal mating systems, group living, and cooperative and competitive interactions. Current conceptual approaches to these topics are explored, with an emphasis upon rigorous testing of hypotheses drawn from primary literature. Hands-on laboratory training in the methods of experimental design, data collection, and data analysis. Behavioral Ecology with Laboratory: Read More [+]
Rules & Requirements
Prerequisites: Integrative Biology 144 or Integrative Biology C144/Environmental Science, Policy and Management C126 or consent of instructor
Credit Restrictions: Students will receive partial credit for Integrative Biology 146LF after taking Integrative Biology 146.
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 2 hours of lecture, 1 hour of discussion, and 3 hours of laboratory per week
Terms offered: Fall 2024, Fall 2022, Fall 2020
Comparative study of physiological systems among animal phyla. General physiological principles will be illustrated by examining variation in neural, muscular, endocrine, cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, and osmoregulatory systems. Students will read original literature and give a group presentation in a symposium. Comparative Animal Physiology: Read More [+]
Rules & Requirements
Prerequisites: Biology 1A-1B
Credit Restrictions: Students will receive no credit for 148 after taking 100A.
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 3 hours of lecture and 1 hour of discussion per week
Terms offered: Spring 2022, Spring 2020, Spring 2018
Evolutionary physiology studies how physiological traits arise and are modified during adaptation to the environment. An integrative understanding of the origin and maintenance of physiological traits, encompassing levels of biological hierarchy from molecular to ecological and biogeographic, is essential for improving human health and stewarding the natural world through the current era of rapid environmental change. This course consists of three parts: 1) big questions in evolutionary physiology and how they are addressed; 2) a student-led exploration of how environmental factors have shaped physiological evolution; and 3) predicting responses to global change using evolutionary physiology. Evolutionary Environmental Physiology: Read More [+]
Rules & Requirements
Prerequisites: Biology 1A-1B or equivalent
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 3 hours of lecture and 1 hour of discussion per week
Terms offered: Spring 2024, Spring 2022, Spring 2020
This course focuses on a survey of physiological approaches to understanding plant-environment interactions from the functional perspective. Lectures cover physiological adaptation; limiting factors; resources acquisition/allocation; photosynthesis, carbon, energy balance; water use and relations; nutrient relations; linking physiology; stable isotope applications in ecophysiology; stress physiology; life history and physiology; evolution of physiological performance; physiology population, community, and ecosystem levels. Plant Physiological Ecology: Read More [+]
Rules & Requirements
Prerequisites: Biology 1A,1B, or equivalent
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 3 hours of lecture and 1 hour of discussion per week
Terms offered: Spring 2024, Spring 2022, Spring 2020
The laboratory is focused on instructing you on observational and experimental approaches and methods used in plant physiological ecology. Students are introduced to a wide range of techniques and will make measurements on different plant species growing in the field or greenhouse (weeks 1-7). A group research project is required (weeks 9-12). Plant Physiological Ecology Laboratory: Read More [+]
Rules & Requirements
Prerequisites: Concurrent enrollment in 151
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 3 hours of laboratory per week
Terms offered: Spring 2025, Spring 2024, Spring 2023
Ecology is a scientific discipline that focuses on the interactions between organisms and their
environment. This class will provide an overview of core concepts and applications, and will also provide practice with writing, small-group work, critical thinking, and data analysis.
The class will specifically cover principles of population ecology, illustrated with examples from marine, freshwater, and terrestrial habitats. It will consider the roles of physical and biological processes in structuring natural communities. Observational, experimental, and theoretical approaches will be discussed. Topics will include quantitative approaches relying on algebra, visual analysis of graphs, and elementary calculus. Ecology: Read More [+]
Rules & Requirements
Prerequisites: Biology 1B or consent of instructor
Credit Restrictions: Students will receive no credit for INTEGBI C153 after completing ESPM 153, or INTEGBI C153. A deficient grade in INTEGBI C153 may be removed by taking ESPM 153, or INTEGBI C153.
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 3 hours of lecture and 1 hour of discussion per week
Terms offered: Fall 2017, Fall 2015, Fall 2013
An introduction to ecology of plants, covering individuals, populations, communities, and global processes. Topics include: form and function, population ecology, life histories, community structure and dynamics, disturbance and succession, diversity and global change. Plant Ecology: Read More [+]
Rules & Requirements
Prerequisites: Biology 1B. Enrollment in accompanying lab course 154L is encouraged but not required
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 2 hours of lecture and 1 hour of discussion per week
Terms offered: Fall 2015, Fall 2013, Spring 2005
Field and laboratory class in plant ecology. Laboratory exercises covering plant functional morphology, dispersal ecology, spatial dispersion in plant populations, environmental gradients and plant distributions, population dynamics simulations, and restoration ecology. Small-group independents projects, with write-ups and presentations. Concurrent enrollment in Integrative Biology 154 is required. Plant Ecology Laboratory: Read More [+]
Rules & Requirements
Prerequisites: Biology 1B. Concurrent enrollment in 154
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 4 hours of laboratory per week
Terms offered: Fall 2024, Fall 2022, Summer 2022 Second 6 Week Session
A survey of the principles and practices of conservation biology. Factors that affect the creation, destruction, and distribution of biological diversity at the level of the gene, species, and ecosystem are examined. Tools and management options derived from ecology and evolutionary biology that can recover or prevent the loss of biological diversity are explored. Principles of Conservation Biology: Read More [+]
Rules & Requirements
Prerequisites: Biology 1A-1B or equivalent
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 3 hours of lecture and 1.5 hours of discussion per week
Summer: 6 weeks - 6.5 hours of lecture and 3 hours of discussion per week
Terms offered: Fall 2024, Fall 2023, Fall 2022
The ecosystems of California are studied from both an ecological and historical biogeographical perspective with a focus on terrestrial plant communities. Students learn how to identify about 150 species of native plants (mostly trees, but also other dominant plants from the non-forest biomes). Field trips occur each Friday and over several weekends. Students conduct group projects that involve plant inventories and data collection as well as how to collect plant specimens and use the Herbarium. Ecosystems of California: Read More [+]
Rules & Requirements
Prerequisites: Biology 1B or consent of instructor
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 6 hours of fieldwork and 2 hours of discussion per week
Terms offered: Fall 2024, Fall 2023, Fall 2022
In this class, students study the natural history and evolutionary biology of island terrestrial and freshwater organisms and their communities, and of marine organisms in the coral reef and lagoon systems. The students also learn about the geomorphology of volcanic islands, coral reefs, and reef islands. Features of island biogeography are illustrated with topics linked to subsequent field studies on the island of Mo’orea, French Polynesia. The course trains students as independent scientists, as students develop, conduct, and communicate independent research projects on a topic of their choice. Biology and Geomorphology of Tropical Islands: Read More [+]
Rules & Requirements
Credit Restrictions: Students will receive no credit for INTEGBI C158L after completing INTEGBI C158, or INTEGBI 158L. A deficient grade in INTEGBI C158L may be removed by taking INTEGBI 158L.
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 10 hours of lecture and 14 hours of fieldwork per week
Terms offered: Spring 2025, Spring 2024, Spring 2023
Earth is a complex dynamic system. Interplay between its components (solid earth, oceans, and atmosphere) governs conditions on the planet's outside that we and other biota inhabit. In turn, life asserts a vast influence on the abiotic components; in fact, the biosphere itself is a crucial system component. We will explore the effect that 3.5 billion years of evolving biosphere had on System Earth and vice versa (e.g., in terms of climate), including the recent human impact on the system. The Living Planet: Impact of the Biosphere on the Earth System: Read More [+]
Rules & Requirements
Prerequisites: Biology 1B or consent of instructor
Credit Restrictions: Students will receive two units of credit after taking Earth and Planetary Science 8, Earth and Planetary Science C141/Geography C141, or Geography 40.
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 2 hours of lecture and 2 hours of discussion per week
Terms offered: Fall 2024, Fall 2023
An analysis of the patterns and processes of organic evolution. History and philosophy of evolutionary thought; the different lines of evidence and fields of inquiry that bear on the understanding of evolution. The major features and processes of evolution through geologic times; the generation of new forms and new lineages; extinction; population processes of selection, adaptation, and other forces; genetics, genomics, and the molecular basis of evolution; evolutionary developmental biology; sexual selection; behavorial evolution; applications of evolutionary biology to medical, agricultural, conservational, and anthropological research. Evolution: Read More [+]
Rules & Requirements
Credit Restrictions: Students will receive no credit for INTEGBI 160 after completing ZOOLOGY 109.
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 3 hours of lecture and 1 hour of discussion per week
Terms offered: Spring 2021, Spring 2019, Spring 2017
Population genetics provides the theoretical foundation for modern evolutionary thinking. It also provides a basis for understanding genetic variation within populations. We will study population genetic theory and use it to illuminate a number of different topics, including the existence of sex, altruism and cooperation, genome evolution speciation, and human genetic variation and evolution. Population and Evolutionary Genetics: Read More [+]
Rules & Requirements
Prerequisites: Biology 1A/1B, Mathematics 16A or 10A
Repeat rules: Course may be repeated for credit without restriction.
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 3 hours of lecture and 2 hours of discussion per week
Terms offered: Spring 2020, Fall 2016, Fall 2014
This course integrates ecology, genetics, and evolutionary biology. It presents contemporary approaches to studying evolution in natural populations, including analyzing heritability of ecologically important traits, using molecular techniques to decompose genotypes, documenting and measuring the magnitude of selection in natural systems, and using models to predict evolution in natural populations. Case studies are used to examine evolutionary effects of ecological interactions among organisms, the importance of population size and structure, and interactions among populations through migration and dispersal. Ecological Genetics: Read More [+]
Rules & Requirements
Prerequisites: Biology 1B
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 3 hours of lecture and 1 hour of discussion per week
Terms offered: Fall 2024, Fall 2023, Fall 2022
This course will introduce students to basic principles of genetics, including transmissions genetics, gene regulation, pedigree analysis, genetic mapping, population genetics, and the principles of molecular evolution. The course will also introduce students to recent developments in genomics as applied to problems in human genetic diseases, human history, and the relationship between humans and their closest relatives. Human Genetics and Genomics: Read More [+]
Rules & Requirements
Prerequisites: Biology 1A, 1B, and Math 16A, or equivalent
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 3 hours of lecture and 2 hours of laboratory per week
Summer: 8 weeks - 6 hours of lecture and 4 hours of laboratory per week
Terms offered: Spring 2025, Fall 2023, Spring 2023
An in-depth study of taxonomy, with a special focus on plants. We will first learn how plants are classified and how they fit into the tree of life, and what practical challenges exist for current practitioners of botany. Next, we will study the history of the ideas underlying classification and their connections to colonial, extractivist empire-building activities since Linnaeus. Finally, we will work to create a new taxonomy that acknowledges and imagines other relationships with plants. Post-Apocalyptic Botany: Read More [+]
Rules & Requirements
Credit Restrictions: Students will receive no credit for GEOG C154 after completing GEOG 154. A deficient grade in GEOG C154 may be removed by taking GEOG 154.
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 3 hours of lecture per week
Terms offered: Fall 2024, Fall 2022, Fall 2021
The course will provide a historical background for the field of biogeography and the ecological foundations needed to understand the distribution and abundance of species and their changes over time. It will also discuss developing technologies (including genomic tools and environmental models) together with the availability of big data and increasingly sophisticated analytical tools to examine the relevance of the field to global change biology, conservation, and invasion biology, as well as sustainable food systems and ecosystem services. Biogeography: Read More [+]
Rules & Requirements
Prerequisites: BIO 1B
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 3 hours of lecture and 3 hours of laboratory per week
Terms offered: Spring 2018, Spring 2016, Spring 2014
The diversity of life is the product of evolutionary changes. This course will integrate fossil and molecular data to consider some of the outstanding questions in the study of evolution. Major topics covered include the origin and early evolution of life, the expansion of the biosphere through time, the generation of variation and the mechanisms of natural selection, genetics and developmental evolution, and the relationships between microevolution and macroevolution.
Terms offered: Spring 2021, Spring 2019, Spring 2017
Plants form the foundation of terrestrial life, are critical for human civilization, and exhibit an extraordinary variety of “behaviours”, forms, and functions. This courses introduces the global diversity of land plants and their evolution. There are far too many plants to cover in a single course so our goals, instead, are to become familiar with the major groups, to understand their evolution and their importance to human society, and to be familiar with the tools used to study their relationships and classification (systematics). Plants: Diversity and Evolution: Read More [+]
Rules & Requirements
Prerequisites: Biology 1A-1B
Credit Restrictions: Students will receive partial credit for 168L after taking 168.
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 2 hours of lecture and 3 hours of laboratory per week
Terms offered: Spring 2025, Spring 2024, Summer 2023 First 6 Week Session
This course explores the ways that evolutionary theory, natural selection, drift, genetics, and epigenetics can illuminate our understanding of human health and disease. The course begins with an overview of primate and hominid evolution and human genetic variation. We then evaluate reproductive biology and maternal/child health through an evolutionary lens. We explore how human ecosystem interactions influence diet, metabolic adaptations, hematological adaptions, human microbiome, and human pathogens. We examine evolutionary concepts related to aging, senescence and development of cancer. Finally we study psychology, behavior, and social/cultural organization through an evolutionary perspective. Evolutionary Medicine: Read More [+]
Rules & Requirements
Prerequisites: Biology 1B, or equivalent
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 3 hours of lecture and 1 hour of discussion per week
Summer: 6 weeks - 8 hours of lecture and 2 hours of discussion per week
Terms offered: Spring 2019, Spring 2017, Spring 2015
This course is a hands-on introduction to common research methods in population and community ecology. Each method and its application are first presented in a lecture session, illustrated with published examples. The method is then practiced in a subsequent group field exercise, conducted in a local terrestrial, aquatic, or marine habitat. The course focuses on sampling methods, experimental designs, and statistical analyses used to investigate patterns of species distribution and abundance, interspecific associations, and local species diversity. Graded assignments include write-ups of field exercise results, and an in-depth review paper and oral in-class presentation on an ecological method of particular interest to the student. Methods in Population and Community Ecology: Read More [+]
Objectives & Outcomes
Course Objectives: This course is designed as a hands-on introduction to common research methods in population and
community ecology. Students will learn how to quantitatively describe and statistically analyze patterns
in (1) the distribution, abundance, and size/age distributions of populations, (2) the diversity and
similarity of multi-species assemblages, (3) interspecific association, and (4) habitat preference and
selectivity. They will also be taught the fundamentals of experimental design and apply them in a field
predator-prey manipulation.
Rules & Requirements
Prerequisites: Integrative Biology 153 or comparable upper-division course in ecology from Integrative Biology or Environmental Science Policy and Management course lists (or by consent of instructor); introductory course in statistics strongly recommended
Credit Restrictions: Students will receive no credit for Integrative Biology 170LF after completing Integrative Biology 153L.
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 8 hours of laboratory per week
Terms offered: Spring 2024, Spring 2023, Spring 2022
Lakes, rivers, wetlands, and estuaries are biologically rich, dynamic, and among the most vital and the most vulnerable of Earth’s ecosystems. Lectures will introduce general topics including the natural history of freshwater biota and habitats, ecological interactions, and ecosystem linkages and dynamics. Broad principles will be illustrated with results from selected recent research publications. Factors affecting resilience or vulnerability of freshwater ecosystems to change will be examined. Course requirements: two exams and a short synthesis paper projecting the future states of a freshwater or estuarine ecosystem of the student's choice under plausible scenarios of local, regional, or global change. Freshwater Ecology: Read More [+]
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 2 hours of lecture and 2 hours of laboratory per week
Terms offered: Spring 2024, Spring 2021, Spring 2020
The biological world is shaped by interactions among species. These inter-specific interactions, such as between predators and prey, plants and pollinators, or hosts and pathogens, have led to an impressive array of adaptations, helping to explain the incredible organismal and genetic diversity on Earth. Our understanding of coevolution (the responses to reciprocal selection acting on two interacting populations) has been greatly facilitated in the last few years by conceptual advancements, new methods allowing direct tests of theory, next generation sequencing technology, and the advance of ‘omics’ approaches. Coevolution: From Genes to Ecosystems: Read More [+]
Rules & Requirements
Prerequisites: Bio 1A and Bio 1B or equivalent required, Genetics or Evolution course suggested
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 3 hours of lecture and 1 hour of discussion per week
Terms offered: Fall 2024, Fall 2022, Fall 2020
An advanced course in the biology of mammals. Topics covered include elements of modern mammalian biology such as morphology, physiology, ecology, and behavior. For all topics, the traits that define mammals are emphasized, as is the variation on these themes evident within modern mammalian lineages. Laboratory and field explore the biology of modern mammals. Laboratories use the extensive collections of the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology to introduce students to mammalian diversity in a phylogenetic context. Mammalogy with Laboratory: Read More [+]
Rules & Requirements
Prerequisites: 104LF
Credit Restrictions: Students will receive partial credit for 173LF after taking 173.
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 2 hours of lecture and 6 hours of laboratory per week
Terms offered: Spring 2025, Spring 2022, Spring 2019
An advanced course in the biology of birds. Laboratory: an introduction to the diversity, morphology, and general ecology of birds of the world. Ornithology with Laboratory: Read More [+]
Rules & Requirements
Prerequisites: 104LF or consent of instructor
Credit Restrictions: Students will receive partial credit for 174LF after taking 174.
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 2 hours of lecture and 6 hours of laboratory per week
Terms offered: Spring 2024, Spring 2022, Spring 2020
Lectures will introduce students to the diversity of amphibians and reptiles on a world-wide basis, with an emphasis on systematics, ecology, morphology, and life history. Laboratories will teach students the diagnostic characteristics and some functional attributes of amphibians and reptiles on a world-wide basis. Field trips will acquaint students with techniques for collecting, preserving, identifying, and studying amphibians and reptiles. Herpetology with Laboratory: Read More [+]
Rules & Requirements
Prerequisites: 104LF
Credit Restrictions: Students will receive partial credit for 175LF after taking 175.
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 2 hours of lecture and 4 hours of laboratory per week
Terms offered: Fall 2023, Fall 2022, Fall 2021
Did you know that our closest living fish relative can build a cocoon and hibernate for three years? Or that some fish make a living by eating scales? This class will conduct publishable research in evolution, ecology, and behavior by doing actual science on fishes. We will attempt to answer unknown questions about the evolution of fascinating adaptations in diverse groups of fishes in both the laboratory and field. Ichthyology: An Introduction to the Scientific Process Through Research on Fishes: Read More [+]
Objectives & Outcomes
Course Objectives: This class is meant to be an introduction to research through ichthyology: students are not expected to have any prior research experience. The primary focus throughout the semester will be on independent group projects conducting laboratory and field experiments testing hypotheses about our focal fish groups: scale-eating pupfish, sponge-eating cichlids, cocoon-building lungfish, Monterey kelp forest communities, and four-eyed fishes. By focusing on these diverse study systems, students will receive a broad perspective on how to investigate and test hypotheses about adaptation in the field and lab. The class will include three field trips, high-speed video of prey capture, and detailed studies of behavior, ecology, and functional morphology.
Student Learning Outcomes: Students will be taught how to generate original hypotheses, collect and analyze data in the R statistical programming language, discuss scientific literature, present their research, and publish their results. Students will ask their own independent research questions and conduct experiments to answer them. Lecture topics will focus on the evolution, ecology, behavior, anatomy, and biodiversity of fishes, with an introduction to concepts including adaptationism, natural selection, convergent evolution, exaptation, tree thinking, evolutionary novelty, behavioral ecology, applications to human health, and conservation.
Rules & Requirements
Prerequisites: Basic background in ecology and evolution (e.g. AP Bio or BIO 1B) or permission of instructor
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 3 hours of lecture and 3 hours of laboratory per week
Terms offered: Fall 2024, Fall 2022
This course will present a broad overview of the diverse interactions between plants and animals, including antagonistic and mutualistic interactions as well as interactions involving multiple species and across trophic levels. It will emphasize macro-level interactions in various ecosystems. We will consider both ecological and evolutionary aspects of the mechanisms and impacts of these interactions, incorporating basic knowledge with advanced and applied approaches. Students will improve their knowledge on how plant-animal interactions shape patterns of biological diversity and influence the functioning of ecosystems as a whole and be able to analyze and predict how current environmental changes affect these interactions. Plant-Animal Interactions: Read More [+]
Rules & Requirements
Prerequisites: Biology 1B or consent of instructor
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 3 hours of lecture and 1 hour of discussion per week
Terms offered: Spring 2024, Spring 2022, Spring 2020
Introduction to the evolution of plants and terrestrial
ecosystems through time. From the invasion of land to the present, we will follow the
evolution of major plant groups through important moments of the Phanerozoic eon (the past
540 million years). By studying fossilized plant assemblages, we will interpret how major
environmental changes unfolded across landscapes in the past and how plants have influenced
the shaping of our planet. Lectures will be complemented by an interactive laboratory covering
paleobotanical research techniques, study of fossil and living plant form and function in the lab
and field, and analysis of peer-reviewed literature. Paleobotany - The 500-Million Year History of a Greening Planet: Read More [+]
Rules & Requirements
Prerequisites: Courses in botany and geology are recommended
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 3 hours of lecture and 3 hours of laboratory per week
Terms offered: Fall 2023, Fall 2021, Fall 2019
Lectures on comparative osteology of vertebrates, with emphasis on selected groups of terrestrial vertebrates considered in paleoecological, paleoclimatological, and biostratigraphic analyses. Laboratory: comparative osteology of vertebrates, with emphasis on selected groups of vertebrates. Structure, anatomy, morphology, function, and development of the vertebrate skeleton. Morphology of the Vertebrate Skeleton with Laboratory: Read More [+]
Rules & Requirements
Prerequisites: Biology 1B or introductory courses in Earth Sciences or Anthropology
Credit Restrictions: Students will receive partial credit for 184L after taking 184.
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 2 hours of lecture, 1 hour of discussion, and 6 hours of laboratory per week
Terms offered: Spring 2016, Spring 2015, Spring 2014
This upper-division undergraduate course will allow students to pursue specialized topics in biology in a seminar format. The specific content of the course will vary based on the topic and the instructor. In general, weekly meetings will provide a forum for extended discussion of selected aspects of evolutionary biology. Supplementary readings and assignments will provide critical background information and keep students engaged in relevant topics between weekly meetings. Seminar for Integrative Biology Majors: Read More [+]
Rules & Requirements
Prerequisites: Consent of instructor
Repeat rules: Course may be repeated for credit without restriction.
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 1-3 hours of seminar per week
Summer: 6 weeks - 2.5-7.5 hours of seminar per week 8 weeks - 1.5-5.5 hours of seminar per week
Terms offered: Spring 2020, Spring 2017, Fall 2016
This course is intended for advanced undergraduates wishing to pursue independent research projects under the mentorship of an IB faculty member. Research projects will be rigorous and will provide significant training in the methods of evoluntionary research. A project proposal is required to enroll and students are expected to produce a substantial written summary of their work. Directed Undergraduate Research: Read More [+]
Rules & Requirements
Prerequisites: Consent of instructor and departmental adviser
Repeat rules: Course may be repeated for credit up to a total of 2 times.
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 9 hours of independent study per week
Summer: 8 weeks - 17 hours of independent study per week 10 weeks - 13.5 hours of independent study per week
Grading/Final exam status: Letter grade. Alternate method of final assessment during regularly scheduled final exam group (e.g., presentation, final project, etc.).
Terms offered: Spring 2025, Fall 2024, Spring 2024
This course provides undergraduate students with direct, hands-on experience with pedagogical practices in a laboratory course setting. Many students seek opportunities to continue participating in laboratory courses that they have already completed due to an interest in the topic and a desire to engage in the process of biological instruction. This course allows qualified undergraduates to gain direct experience with instruction of lab courses in a structured, mentored, and pedagogically informed setting. Each student in the course will be paired with a Graduate Student Instructor who will provide near-peer mentoring regarding classroom practices and development of pedagogical practices. Applied Pedagogy in Integrative Biology: Read More [+]
Rules & Requirements
Prerequisites: This course must initially be taken concurrently with IB 193 (Practical Pedagogy: Becoming an Effective Instructor in Biology). Subsequently, IB 192 can be taken in additional semesters without also enrolling in IB 193
Repeat rules: Course may be repeated for credit with instructor consent.
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 2-3 hours of laboratory per week
Summer: 8 weeks - 4-6 hours of laboratory per week
Terms offered: Spring 2025, Fall 2024, Spring 2024
This course provides undergraduates with conceptual and practical expertise in teaching lab-based courses in biology. Through discussion and implementation of diverse pedagogical practices, students will gain competence as instructors while furthering their understanding of select topics in evolutionary biology. Practical Pedagogy: Becoming an Effective Instructor in Biology: Read More [+]
Rules & Requirements
Prerequisites: This course is a pre-requisite to IB 192 (Applied Pedagogy in Integrative Biology) but may be taken concurrently with that course
Repeat rules: Course may be repeated for credit up to a total of 1 time.
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 1 hour of seminar per week
Terms offered: Spring 2020, Spring 2019, Spring 2018
This course prepares students to conduct a 10-week global health research project in a low or middle-income country (LMIC); provides a background in global health, emphasizing infectious disease research, international research ethics, and the conduct of health research in low-resource settings. Leads students through the process of preparing for, conducting, and completing a short-term research project, with modules focused on cultural communication, the role and pace of research in these other countries, presentation preparation, project development, and troubleshooting skills; gaining perspective into the relationship between global health and health disparities in the USA Introduction to Global Health Disparities Research: Read More [+]
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 2 hours of lecture per week
Grading/Final exam status: Letter grade. Alternate method of final assessment during regularly scheduled final exam group (e.g., presentation, final project, etc.).
Terms offered: Fall 2016, Fall 2013, Fall 2012
Individual study and research for at least one academic year on a special problem to be chosen in consultation with a member of the staff; preparation of the thesis on broader aspects of this work. Thesis Course: Read More [+]
Rules & Requirements
Prerequisites: Open only to students in Honors Program
Repeat rules: Course may be repeated for credit without restriction.
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 0 hours of independent study per week
Summer: 6 weeks - 0 hours of independent study per week 8 weeks - 0 hours of independent study per week
Terms offered: Spring 2014, Fall 2013, Spring 2013
Individual study and research for at least one academic year on a special problem to be chosen in consultation with a member of the staff; preparation of the thesis on broader aspects of this work. Thesis Course: Read More [+]
Rules & Requirements
Prerequisites: Open only to students in Honors Program
Repeat rules: Course may be repeated for credit without restriction.
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 0 hours of independent study per week
Summer: 6 weeks - 0 hours of independent study per week 8 weeks - 0 hours of independent study per week
Terms offered: Fall 2016, Spring 2015, Spring 2014
Supervised experience relevant to specific topics of biology in off-campus organizations. Written report and evaluation from internship supervisor required. Supervised Internship: Read More [+]
Rules & Requirements
Prerequisites: Consent of Integrative Biology faculty sponsor
Repeat rules: Course may be repeated for credit without restriction.
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 1-4 hours of fieldwork per week
Summer: 6 weeks - 1-4 hours of fieldwork per week 8 weeks - 1-4 hours of fieldwork per week
Terms offered: Spring 2025, Fall 2024, Spring 2024
Berkeley Connect is a mentoring program, offered through various academic departments, that helps students build intellectual community. Over the course of a semester, enrolled students participate in regular small-group discussions facilitated by a graduate student mentor (following a faculty-directed curriculum), meet with their graduate student mentor for one-on-one academic advising, attend lectures and panel discussions featuring department faculty and alumni, and go on field trips to campus resources. Students are not required to be declared majors in order to participate. Berkeley Connect: Read More [+]
Rules & Requirements
Repeat rules: Course may be repeated for credit without restriction.
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 1 hour of lecture per week
Prerequisites: Background courses in chosen subjects
Credit Restrictions: Enrollment is restricted; see the Introduction to Courses and Curricula section of this catalog.
Repeat rules: Course may be repeated for credit without restriction.
Hours & Format
Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 1-4 hours of independent study per week
Summer: 6 weeks - 2.5-10 hours of independent study per week 8 weeks - 2-7.5 hours of independent study per week 10 weeks - 1.5-6 hours of independent study per week
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